Foundation Preparation, Removal of Water, Excavation

Full Description

Chapter 7 of the Construction Inspection National Engineering Handbook – Foundation Preparation, Removal of Water, Excavation.

Earthwork operations on a project consist of working with the native soil or rock and existing terrain. The success and stability of most projects rely heavily on a properly designed and properly prepared foundation. Preparing the foundation typically involves removal of topsoil, grubbing to remove roots, excavation, and of- ten requires dewatering. The importance of preparing the foundation as specified cannot be overemphasized.

The inspector must be familiar with the lines, grades, and typical sections shown on the drawings; the speci- fications that control the work; and with the layout or staking of the work. The inspector must carefully re- view the geologic, soil mechanics, and design reports and other information such as test pits and rock cores relating to the foundation, dewatering needs, and the removal and placement of earth and rock materials. Undesirable foundation materials and conditions that could lead to poor performance or the failure of a structure may not be detected until foundation prepa- ration operations are underway. The inspector must be able to recognize these undesirable foundation materi- als and conditions and consult with the responsible engineer if there is any doubt that the materials are suitable for use in the foundation. The inspector must know the intent and extent of excavations and the specified use of the excavated materials.